Altered intercellular communication is one of the hallmarks of aging. It is the result of changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the secretion of signaling molecules.
The ECM is a complex network of proteins that provides structural support to cells. It also plays a critical role in cell signaling by regulating the availability and activity of signaling molecules. Changes in the ECM during aging can lead to altered signaling between cells, which can contribute to age-related diseases.
In addition to changes in the ECM, aging is also associated with changes in the secretion of signaling molecules. For example, levels of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) decrease with age. This decrease in IGF-1 signaling has been linked to increased lifespan in model organisms.
Altered intercellular communication can also contribute to age-related diseases such as cancer. In cancer, cells lose their ability to communicate with each other and with their environment. This loss of communication allows cancer cells to grow uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissues.
In summary, altered intercellular communication is an important hallmark of aging that can contribute to age-related diseases. Changes in the ECM and the secretion of signaling molecules can lead to altered signaling between cells, which can contribute to age-related diseases such as cancer. Understanding these changes may help us develop new therapies for age-related diseases.
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